{"id":1117,"date":"2022-04-08T17:57:11","date_gmt":"2022-04-08T16:57:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/structural-concepts\/?page_id=1117"},"modified":"2022-04-08T17:57:11","modified_gmt":"2022-04-08T16:57:11","slug":"practical-examples-section","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sites.se.manchester.ac.uk\/structural-concepts\/practical-examples-section\/","title":{"rendered":"Practical Examples"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Practical Examples<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Statics<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

1. Equilibrium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example 1: A barrier
Example 2: A footbridge
Example 3: An equilibrium kitchen scale
Example 4: Magnetic float train
Example 5: A dust tray<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Centre of Mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example 1: Cranes on construction sites
Example 2: The Eiffel Tower
Example 3: A display unit
Example 4: The Kio Towers<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Effect of Different Cross Sections<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example 1: A steel framed building
Example 2: A railway bridge:
Example 3: I section members with holes (cellular beams and columns)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Bending<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example 1: Profiles of girders
Example 2: Reducing bending moments using overhangs
Example 3: Failure due to bending
Example 4: Deformation of a staple due to bending<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Shear and Torsion<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example 1: Composite section of a beam
Example 2: Shear walls in a building
Example 3: Opening a drinks bottle<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. Stress Distribution<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example 1: Flat shoes vs high-heel shoes
Example 2: The Leaning Tower of Pisa<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. Span and Deflection<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example 1: Column supports
Example 2: The Phenomenon of prop roots
Example 3: Metal props used in structures<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. Direct Force Path<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example 1: Bracing systems of tall buildings
Example 2: Bracing systems of scaffolding structures<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. Smaller Internal Forces<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example 1: Raleigh Arena
Example 2: Zhejiang Dragon Sports Centre
Example 3: A cable-stayed bridge
Example 4: A floor structure experiencing excessive vibration<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10. Buckling<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example 1: Buckling of bracing members
Example 2: Buckling of a box girder
Example 3: Prevention of lateral buckling of beams
Example 4: Bistability of a slap band<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11. Prestress<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example 1: A centrally post-tensioned column
Example 2: An eccentrally post-tensioned beam
Example 3: Spider’s web
Example 4: A cable-net roof<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12. Horizontal Movements of Structures Induced by Vertical Loads<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example 1: A grandstand
Example 2: A building floor
Example 3: Rail bridges<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dynamics<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

1. Energy Exchange<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example 1: Roller coasters
Example 2: A torch without a battery<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Pendulum Systems<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example 1: An inclined suspended wooden bridge in a playground
Example 2: Seismic isolation of a floor
Example 3: The Foucault pendulum<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Free Vibration<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example 1: A musical box
Example 2: Measurement of the fundamental natural frequency of a building through free vibration generated using vibrators
Example 3: Measurement of the fundamental natural frequencies of a stack through vibration generated by the environment
Example 4: The tension forces in the cables in the London Eye
Example 5: A toilet seat-cover<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Resonance<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example 1: The London Millennium Footbridge
Example 2: Avoidance of resonance – design of structures used for pop concerts
Example 3: Measurement of the resonance frequency of a building
Example 4: An entertaining resonance phenomenon
Example 5: Vibration of a hanging light<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Damping<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example 1: Damping ratio obtained from free vibration tests
Example 2: Damping ratio obtained from forced vibration tests
Example 3: Reducing footbridge vibrations induced by walking
Example 4: Reducing floor vibration induced by walking<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. Vibration Reduction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example 1: Tyres used for vibration isolation
Example 2: The London Eye
Example 3: The London Millennium Footbridge<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. Human Body Models in Structural Vibration<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example 1: The effect of stationary spectators on a grandstand
Example 2: Calculation of the natural frequencies of a grandstand
Example 3: Dynamic response of a structure used at pop concerts
Example 4: Indirect measurement of the fundamental natural frequency of a standing person
Example 5: Indirect measurement of the fundamental natural frequency of a chicken<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Practical Examples Statics 1. Equilibrium Example 1: A barrierExample 2: A footbridgeExample 3: An equilibrium kitchen scaleExample 4: Magnetic float trainExample 5: A dust tray 2. Centre of Mass Example 1: Cranes on construction sitesExample 2: The Eiffel TowerExample 3: A display unitExample 4: The Kio Towers 3. 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