{"id":1292,"date":"2023-05-23T12:31:49","date_gmt":"2023-05-23T11:31:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/nuclearhitchhiker\/?p=1292"},"modified":"2023-05-23T12:31:49","modified_gmt":"2023-05-23T11:31:49","slug":"myth-busting-the-nuclear-industry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sites.se.manchester.ac.uk\/nuclearhitchhiker\/2023\/05\/23\/myth-busting-the-nuclear-industry\/","title":{"rendered":"Myth Busting the Nuclear Industry"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>Author: Charley Nevin, University of Sheffield<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With the majority of the population getting the lion\u2019s share of their information about nuclear power from The Simpsons, it is no wonder there is a great deal of misinformation out there about the industry. From green, glowing fish, to highly unskilled control room operators, there is plenty in the much-loved animation which makes nuclear workers cringe in their seats. So, let\u2019s bust some of the big nuclear myths!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Radiation glows green.<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>This is an extremely widespread myth, based on convenient cinematic devices and on the popularity of radium watches in the 20<sup>th<\/sup> century. Radium watches did indeed glow green, but this was not due to the radium itself, rather because of an admixture called phosphor. The alpha particles emitted from the radioactive radium hit the atoms in the phosphor, emitting a greenish glow due to the charged particles present.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>From here, the myth was exacerbated in movies and on television; you can\u2019t show something invisible like radiation so producers gave it a colour \u2013 green. The Rule of Perception, a psychological theory, states that \u2018if the audience can\u2019t perceive it, it doesn\u2019t exist\u2019; computers beep to show they\u2019re working, swords go \u2018shing\u2019 to show they\u2019re sharp, and radiation glows green to show it\u2019s, well, radioactive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In fact, there is only one instance where radiation \u2018glows\u2019, and that is as a result of Cherenkov radiation. When electrically charged particles that compose atoms (electrons and protons) move at speeds faster than the speed of light, most commonly in water, they glow. But, instead of the green we have come to associate with radioactivity, it actually glows a deep blue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sites.se.manchester.ac.uk\/nuclearhitchhiker\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2023\/05\/myth-busting-cherenkov.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"575\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sites.se.manchester.ac.uk\/nuclearhitchhiker\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2023\/05\/myth-busting-cherenkov-1024x575.jpg\" alt=\"Reactor showing Cherenkov radiation\" class=\"wp-image-1293\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sites.se.manchester.ac.uk\/nuclearhitchhiker\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2023\/05\/myth-busting-cherenkov-1024x575.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.sites.se.manchester.ac.uk\/nuclearhitchhiker\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2023\/05\/myth-busting-cherenkov-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.sites.se.manchester.ac.uk\/nuclearhitchhiker\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2023\/05\/myth-busting-cherenkov-768x431.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.sites.se.manchester.ac.uk\/nuclearhitchhiker\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2023\/05\/myth-busting-cherenkov.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Figure 1 &#8211; Cherenkov radiation.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. Critical reactors are out of control.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2018It\u2019s gone critical\u2019 is often a line used in movies and television to create suspense and drama as a disaster is about to unfold. However, in reality a \u2018critical\u2019 nuclear reactor is just one that is operating normally. In a nuclear reaction, one neutron bombards an atom to split it apart in a process known as nuclear fission. The atom then splits into two smaller atoms and emits 1-3 neutrons. One of these neutrons must go on to bombard another atom, whilst the spare ones are absorbed. This stable chain of reactions where one neutron from each fission event goes on to cause another fission event is when the reactor has gone \u2018critical\u2019. So now, if you ever watch a movie and they claim a reactor has gone \u2018critical\u2019, you will know they mean it is functioning normally and producing electricity!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. High dosage of radiation emitted from nuclear plants.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Radiation is a normal part of life; in fact, in the UK, we get a dose of 2.7 milliSieverts of radiation a year from background sources. This can include medical radiation, radioactive radon gas in the ground, and cosmic radiation, amongst many other sources. To put the \u2018danger\u2019 nuclear plants pose to us into context, the average nuclear power station worker\u2019s occupational exposure in 2010 was 0.18 milliSieverts. This means that someone working at a power station day in, day out will only receive a radiation dose equivalent to less than 7% of the background radiation they receive just by eating, drinking, walking around, and generally existing! In fact, due to radioactive elements in fly ash produced in burning coal, to generate the same amount of electricity, a coal power plant gives off at least 10 times more radiation than a nuclear power plant!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sites.se.manchester.ac.uk\/nuclearhitchhiker\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2023\/05\/myth-busting-sources-of-radiation.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"780\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sites.se.manchester.ac.uk\/nuclearhitchhiker\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2023\/05\/myth-busting-sources-of-radiation-1024x780.png\" alt=\"Pie chart displaying the share of the sources of radiation dose in the UK. Highest (48%) is radioactive radon gas from the ground.\" class=\"wp-image-1294\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sites.se.manchester.ac.uk\/nuclearhitchhiker\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2023\/05\/myth-busting-sources-of-radiation-1024x780.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.sites.se.manchester.ac.uk\/nuclearhitchhiker\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2023\/05\/myth-busting-sources-of-radiation-300x229.png 300w, https:\/\/www.sites.se.manchester.ac.uk\/nuclearhitchhiker\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2023\/05\/myth-busting-sources-of-radiation-768x585.png 768w, https:\/\/www.sites.se.manchester.ac.uk\/nuclearhitchhiker\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2023\/05\/myth-busting-sources-of-radiation.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Figure 2 &#8211; Sources of background radiation in the UK.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. Nuclear power is dirty.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The fission process by which electricity is generated produces no greenhouse gases. In fact, the whole nuclear fuel cycle, including the mining of uranium, only produces around 15 \u2013 50 gCO<sub>2<\/sub>\/kWh. In comparison, coal produces around 1050 gCO<sub>2<\/sub>\/kWh. The average life cycle CO<sub>2<\/sub> equivalent emissions are amongst the lowest of all electricity generators, and is comparable to wind.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sites.se.manchester.ac.uk\/nuclearhitchhiker\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2023\/05\/myth-busting-lifetime-co2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"367\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sites.se.manchester.ac.uk\/nuclearhitchhiker\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2023\/05\/myth-busting-lifetime-co2.png\" alt=\"Bar chart showing the grams of CO2 equivalent produced per kWh for the big electricity generators. Coal is the largest producer, nuclear is tied with offshore wind.\" class=\"wp-image-1295\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sites.se.manchester.ac.uk\/nuclearhitchhiker\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2023\/05\/myth-busting-lifetime-co2.png 800w, https:\/\/www.sites.se.manchester.ac.uk\/nuclearhitchhiker\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2023\/05\/myth-busting-lifetime-co2-300x138.png 300w, https:\/\/www.sites.se.manchester.ac.uk\/nuclearhitchhiker\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2023\/05\/myth-busting-lifetime-co2-768x352.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Figure 3 &#8211; Lifetime CO2 equivalent emissions of different electricity generators.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5. Nuclear power is dangerous.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nuclear power has one of the lowest death rates per unit of electricity produced, second only to solar power. There are multiple independent and redundant barriers in place between a radiation source and the environment, meaning that if one safety layer fails, there are several in place to back it up! The current level of nuclear safety is a result of a continuous improvement process, which is based on countless hours of operating experience, including incidents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sites.se.manchester.ac.uk\/nuclearhitchhiker\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2023\/05\/myth-busting-deaths.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"711\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sites.se.manchester.ac.uk\/nuclearhitchhiker\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2023\/05\/myth-busting-deaths.png\" alt=\"Death rates per unit of electricity produced. Brown coal and coal are the highest, solar and nuclear energy are the lowest.\" class=\"wp-image-1296\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sites.se.manchester.ac.uk\/nuclearhitchhiker\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2023\/05\/myth-busting-deaths.png 711w, https:\/\/www.sites.se.manchester.ac.uk\/nuclearhitchhiker\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2023\/05\/myth-busting-deaths-300x186.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 711px) 100vw, 711px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Figure 4 &#8211; Deaths per TWh associated with different electricity generators.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Author: Charley Nevin, University of Sheffield With the majority of the population getting the lion\u2019s share of their information about nuclear power from The Simpsons, it is no wonder there is a great deal of misinformation out there about the industry. From green, glowing fish, to highly unskilled control room operators, there is plenty in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":36,"featured_media":1293,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7,8,10],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1292","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-public-engagement","8":"category-radiation","9":"category-renewable-energy","10":"entry"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Myth Busting the Nuclear Industry - Nuclear Hitchhiker<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sites.se.manchester.ac.uk\/nuclearhitchhiker\/2023\/05\/23\/myth-busting-the-nuclear-industry\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Myth Busting the Nuclear Industry - Nuclear Hitchhiker\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Author: Charley Nevin, University of Sheffield With the majority of the population getting the lion\u2019s share of their information about nuclear power from The Simpsons, it is no wonder there is a great deal of misinformation out there about the industry. 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